Monohybrid意思

"Monohybrid" is a term used in genetics to describe the inheritance of a single trait under the principles of Mendelian genetics. The word "mono" means one, and "hybrid" refers to an offspring resulting from the cross between two individuals with different traits.

In a monohybrid cross, individuals that differ in a single trait are crossed, and the inheritance of that trait is observed in the offspring. Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics, conducted experiments with pea plants to understand how traits are passed down from one generation to the next. His work laid the foundation for the understanding of genetics and heredity.

When studying a monohybrid cross, Mendel observed that traits were passed on in discrete units, which he called factors (now known as genes). He discovered that each organism has two factors for each trait (one from each parent), and that these factors segregate independently during the formation of gametes (sex cells). This segregation ensures that each gamete contains only one of the two factors for each trait.

The outcome of a monohybrid cross can be predicted using the principles of probability. For example, if a tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt), all the offspring (Tt) will be tall, because the dominant T allele masks the effect of the recessive t allele. However, if two heterozygous tall plants (Tt) are crossed, the offspring will show a 3:1 ratio of tall to short plants, with the short plants being recessive.

Monohybrid crosses are a fundamental tool in genetics for understanding how traits are inherited and for predicting the outcomes of genetic crosses. They form the basis for more complex genetic studies involving multiple traits and genes.