Emphysema意思

"Emphysema" is a chronic lung disease that primarily affects the lungs' air sacs (alveoli), causing them to become damaged and enlarged. This damage reduces the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently, leading to difficulty in breathing. Emphysema is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which also includes chronic bronchitis.

The primary cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to irritants, particularly tobacco smoke, but also including air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust. These irritants damage the alveoli and the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) that surround them, making it harder for the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Symptoms of emphysema may include shortness of breath, a chronic cough, wheezing, and chest tightness. The symptoms often worsen over time and can significantly impact a person's quality of life.

Treatment for emphysema focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. This may include quitting smoking, avoiding other lung irritants, using medications to reduce inflammation and relax the airways, and in some cases, undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation to improve breathing and exercise tolerance. In severe cases, oxygen therapy may be necessary to help with low oxygen levels in the blood.